Current portfolio · since July 2021
Petroleum & Natural Gas
India imports nearly nine-tenths of the crude oil it refines, runs one of the world's largest refining systems, and is expanding its gas grid. This section explains the sector the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas oversees, using dated official data.
The sector in numbers
India's oil and gas balance, FY 2025-26
All figures come from the Petroleum Planning & Analysis Cell (PPAC), the ministry's data arm. FY 2025-26 figures are provisional.
MMT = million metric tonnes. BCM = billion cubic metres. Import dependence follows PPAC's definition on a consumption basis. The combined figure for oil and gas was 80.7% in FY 2025-26.
How the system fits together
From reservoir to retail
The ministry's remit covers the whole hydrocarbon value chain. The Oil & Gas Industry page maps each stage in detail.
Explore & produce
- Licensing: HELP / OALP
- Regulator: DGH
- ONGC, Oil India, private & JV operators
- 28.0 MMT crude; 34.8 BCM gas (FY26)
Import & transport
- 245.8 MMT crude imports
- 8 LNG terminals, 58.5 MMTPA
- 10,443 km crude pipelines
- 26,348 km common-carrier gas lines
Refine
- 267.1 MMTPA installed capacity
- 272.1 MMT crude processed
- 284.9 MMT products made
- 61.4 MMT products exported
Distribute & sell
- 1,04,137 retail outlets
- 32.78 crore active LPG consumers
- 1.75 crore PNG homes; 9,096 CNG stations
- Regulator: PNGRB
Sources: PPAC Snapshot, Aug 2026 (production, trade and refining for FY 2025-26; infrastructure as on 31.03.2026 – 01.09.2026). PPAC PDF ↗
Petroleum product consumption by product
FY 2025-26 (provisional), million metric tonnes. The four largest products.
View as table
| Item | MMT |
|---|---|
| High-speed diesel | 94.7 MMT |
| Petrol (MS) | 42.6 MMT |
| LPG | 33.2 MMT |
| Aviation turbine fuel | 9.2 MMT |
Source: PPAC Snapshot, Aug 2026. Total consumption of all products: 241.6 MMT.
Crude oil: domestic output vs imports
FY 2025-26, million metric tonnes
View as table
| Item | MMT |
|---|---|
| Imports | 245.8 MMT |
| Domestic production (incl. condensate) | 28.0 MMT |
Source: PPAC Snapshot, Aug 2026. FY 2024-25: imports 243.2 MMT; production 28.7 MMT.
Institutions
Who does what in the sector
Selected companies and bodies under the ministry's administrative control or oversight. Company boards run commercial operations. The ministry sets policy.
| Institution | Type | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Directorate General of Hydrocarbons (DGH) | Technical regulator | Oversees exploration and production contracts; runs OALP bid rounds |
| Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (PNGRB) | Statutory regulator (PNGRB Act, 2006) | Authorises city gas areas and pipelines; sets pipeline tariffs; downstream regulation |
| Petroleum Planning & Analysis Cell (PPAC) | Attached office | Collects and publishes official oil and gas data, prices and subsidies |
| Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) | Central public-sector enterprise | India's largest producer of crude oil and gas |
| Oil India Limited | Central public-sector enterprise | Exploration and production, with operations focused in the north-east |
| Indian Oil, BPCL, HPCL | Oil marketing companies | Refining, fuel retail, LPG distribution |
| GAIL (India) Limited | Central public-sector enterprise | Gas transmission, marketing and petrochemicals |
| Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserves Ltd (ISPRL) | Special purpose vehicle | Builds and manages strategic crude reserves |
| Engineers India Limited (EIL) | Central public-sector enterprise | Engineering consultancy for hydrocarbon projects |
2026 context
A year of supply disruption
Official data and statements for 2026 record a sharp change in the external environment. This section sets out the documented facts without reading causes into them.
Parliament, 12 March 2026
The minister made a suo motu statement in the Lok Sabha on the situation in West Asia and the disruption to shipping through the Strait of Hormuz. He described its effect on India's energy supplies and the measures taken. PIB records the statement as saying: The world has not faced a moment like this in modern energy history.
(PIB)
Fuel taxation, 27 March 2026
The Government cut excise duty on petrol and diesel by ₹10 per litre. According to the release, retail prices stayed the same and the cut offset under-recoveries of the oil marketing companies. The release also records international crude moving from about US$70 to about US$122 per barrel. (PIB)
What the data show, April–August 2026
- Petroleum product consumption fell 3.9% year-on-year, to 96.2 MMT.
- LPG consumption fell 16.8% year-on-year.
- The Brent crude price averaged US$90.8 per barrel in August 2026, against about US$68 a year earlier.
- Active domestic LPG consumers were 32.78 crore on 1 September 2026, 1.0% fewer than a year earlier.
Source: PPAC Snapshot, Aug 2026. Monthly data are provisional and may be revised.
What remains uncertain
PPAC publishes volumes and prices but does not attribute changes to causes. How far the 2026 figures reflect supply disruption, prices, weather or policy has not been set out in an official source reviewed for this page.
Explore the portfolio
Energy section
Energy Security
Import dependence, diversification and reserves
StructureOil & Gas Industry
Upstream, midstream, downstream
DownstreamRefining & Fuels
Refineries, products and exports
GasNatural Gas & LNG
LNG terminals, pipelines, CGD
TransitionBiofuels & Ethanol
E20, feedstocks, CBG
DataEnergy Dashboard
All indicators, sourced
Sources
- PPAC — Snapshot of India's Oil & Gas Data, August 2026 (PDF) — ppac.gov.in/download.php?file=rep_studies/1789735879_Final__Snapshot_o…
- PPAC — Ready Reckoner FY 2025–26 (PDF) — ppac.gov.in/download.php?file=rep_studies/1784899305_The_PPAC_Ready_Re…
- Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas — mopng.gov.in/en
- PIB — Lok Sabha statement on West Asia (12 Mar 2026) — pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2239021
- PIB — Excise duty reduction (27 Mar 2026) — pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2245970
- Directorate General of Hydrocarbons — dghindia.gov.in/
- Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board — pngrb.gov.in/
- Petroleum Planning & Analysis Cell (PPAC) — ppac.gov.in/